Society’s Influence on Young Girls Anorexia Nervosa and...

Every generation has a set of values that they believe make a person beautiful. In the 1940’s and 50’s it was considered beautiful to be a voluptuous woman. A woman with a large chest and full hips was the ideal woman, such as Marylyn Monroe. The difference between then and now is, young women could escape this image if need be. Today it is impossible to ignore the stick thin super models on bill boards, TV, and in magazines. The influence of society on teenagers is so much that men actually expect a woman to be that stick thin model or they are considered â€Å"fat†, â€Å"tubby†, etc. The average fashion model is 59 to 6 tall. The average American woman is 5 4 tall. The average fashion model weighs 110-118 pounds. The average American woman†¦show more content†¦Symptoms of someone who has this disease include: feeling chubby even when people say that they are not, scared of gaining weight, if they lie about how much they eat or even hide things about their eating habits, if their family and friends are worried about how they look or how they eat. Also if they experience tremendous weight loss, if they diet, exercise, or purge when feeling bad about themselves. Anorexia is not a way to control your weight but a way to control your feelings or your life. People with anorexia think self-esteem is based on body weight and how thin you look compared to a person who does not have anorexia and has self-esteem based on more than just body weight and image. A healthy person who diets does it in a healthy way, but anorexic people do it in a way that is not healthy all they want is to be thinner, not healthier People can recover from anorexia with the proper treatment and support of others. You need to first gain back your health and then your self-confidence. (Melinda Smith) People who have anorexia or another eating disorder and go without treatment have a 20% higher chance of dying than people who get treatment. People who receive treatment have a lower percentage of death due to anorexia, 2-3%. Statistics show that 60% of people that get treatment make a full recovery while about 20% make a partial recovery, and 20% stay underweight at a dangerous level. Anorexia can cause a number ofShow MoreRelated Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa Essay1163 Words   |  5 Pagescan suffer. But eating disorders, such as Bulimia Nervosa or Anorexia Nervosa, are generally found in adolescent girls and young women. Anorexia Nervosa affects less than one percent of adolescent girls and young women, whereas, Bulimia Nervosa affects two percent. Approximately five percent of people with Anorexia are male. One main alleged cause is the media for their portrayal of young men and women and using unrealistic body shapes. Anorexia Nervosa is generally a preoccupation with thinnessRead MoreThe Effects Of Media On Children s Body Image, Self Esteem, And The Internet1369 Words   |  6 Pages movies, music, and the internet. With society’s growing obsession with media, it is easy to see how it plays a role on impacting the lives of children, women, and men. Mass media effects people’s body image, self-esteem, and the overall way society is portrayed. There is a major link between media and a person’s mental as well as physical health. A key aspect that will affect future generations to come is that children are exposed to media at such a young age. It is easier for parents to distractRead MoreEating Disorders are an Unhealthy Obsession1541 Words   |  6 PagesOddy Crosby, 2013). According to Wade, Keski-Rahkonen and Hudson (2011) 20 million women and 10 million men suffer from eating disorders, including anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder, and eating disorders not otherwise specified (EDNOS). There are three main categories of eating disorders, anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and eating disorders not otherwise specified (EDNOS). Individuals with AN loose more weight than what is considered to be healthy for their particularRead MoreEating Disorders Are Serious Emotional And Physical Problems1522 Words   |  7 Pagesmen and women including children and adults suffer from eating disorders. There is more than one type of eating disorder. The following eating disorders are the m ost common ones found in the United States and other countries worldwide: Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, and Binge Eating disorder. There are many factors that contribute to eating disorders and the treatments being done to help people who are suffering from eating disorders. Eating disorders are serious emotional and physical problemsRead MoreEating Disorders : An Eating Disorder1906 Words   |  8 PagesOur society’s idealistic beauty standards has influenced many people to take drastic measures in order to obtain their body goal, thus causing an eating disorder. An eating disorder is a psychological condition that is characterized by abnormal or disturbed eating habits. There are three types of eating disorders; which are Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, and Binge Eating.These disorders affect all aspects of a person’s life, including their psychological, emotional, and physical health. ThereRead MoreThe Prevelence of Eating Disorders2839 Words   |  11 Pagesbehavior in a particular social setting or group. This branch of psychology is evaluated on an individual, social, and economic level due to varying factors shaping these patterns (Mcleod). One of the topics that is an ongoing challenge, particularly in young adolescent females, is eating disorders. As with most mental illnesses, eating disorders are not caused by just one factor, but rather by a combination of cognitive, sociocultural, and biological factors. There are many psychological causes and personalityRead MoreEating Disorders, The Silent Killer1794 Words   |  8 PagesEating disorders are one of society’s most debilitating physical and psychological problems faced today. In the 1950s Marilyn Monroe was society’s role model, but would now be considered a plus-sized model and somewhat unattractive in society’s eyes (Steinem 5). Now in 2013, Demi Lovato, a pop singer, plays a huge role as a role model for young people, but has recently told the media that she suffers from anorexia nervosa and embraces it, ultimately showing adolescents that eating disorders are sociallyRead MoreWesternization Vs. Eating Disorders1645 Words   |  7 Pagesare shown to have a direct role in the rise of eating disorders, as well as body misconception. Eating disorders occur as a result of severe disturbances in eating habits that negatively affect a person’s mental and physical state. Anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and their variants all share in common their seriousness in feelings of distress, anxiety and concerns about ones body shape and weight. Through the strain of culture bound, family, media and socio-cultural stressors, it is evident thatRead MoreEssay on Why is Retouching Photographs Necessary?1063 Words   |  5 Pagesgenerations are becoming more acquainted with new gadgets today. They are likely to be exposed to retouched photographs from online advertisements. Many models in these photographs are often retouched in such a way that negatively influences consumers, teenagers and young adults today. There should be rules and limitations for retouching digital photographs to decrease the amount of pressure and manipulation to society. Photographers have the freedom to express their artistry to their audience. AccordingRead MoreWomen s Influence On Women And Their Credibility1510 Words   |  7 Pagessuch as these not only create a negative image but give young girls a certain impression that if you look like this you’ll be noticed and appreciated for your beauty and body and not for what you stand for or believe in.This can have a significant influence on how people view women and their credibility. In a world where the female gender is competing for respect in order to avoid stereotypical allegations, this only makes it hard for young girls to appreciate who they are. Earlier on in the 1960’s

Critically Evaluate the Claim That the Processes of Globalization Are Undermining the Democratic State Free Essay Example, 3000 words

In favor of this phenomenon, the Pro-Globalists, have an argument that countries inevitably have to open their borders as they cannot put up a barrier against globalization. If they do so it would mean isolation from the rest of the world and a loss of many benefits that they could have achieved. Hence, through this essay, it will be examined if globalization has been the reason these countries have lost the powers of a democratic government set up and if they have, the reasons behind this will be evaluated. Many scholars agree with the idea that instead of helping the growth of a democratic state, globalization actually poses a threat to them. According to Roland (2002:24), globalization weakens the vital requirements of national identity, patriotism, and state autonomy. Due to this reason, one can say that in terms, political globalization is contradictory. According to one of the anti-Globalist theories, the decline of the nation-state is being caused due to globalization as gove rnments now have lesser controls over their trade, economy, and borders. In another view, complete control over markets, capitals and exchange rates had belonged to the nation-state. We will write a custom essay sample on Critically Evaluate the Claim That the Processes of Globalization Are Undermining the Democratic State or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now Today, the state is becoming outdated while trans-national companies have become greatly vital to the economy. Such situations are supportive of the argument that the power of the state and democracy is being reduced due to globalization, which is resulting in a void democracy. According to the Skeptics school of thought, while globalization leads to promotions of opportunities to increase in wealth and greater growth, it has also resulted in greater socioeconomic disparity amongst people, resulting in nations which are less democratic and instead of being ruled by rich multinationals (McGrew, 2002:79). According to Nanz and Steffek (2004:27), the main competition among governments is about access to foreign capital and governments now compete amongst each other for foreign capital and design their policies for appeasement of global firms and investors

How Culture Influences Health Of All Individuals - 1389 Words

How Culture Influences Health in America Culture plays a great role in the health of all individuals. The American race has a vast influence over other cultures that migrate to the United States. Unfortunately, the dietary habits of the average American can lead to an increased health risk and a variety of problems that will further be elaborated on. It is important to remember that health is not just the physical aspect that everyone assumes when they consider the word health. It actually has seven areas that include: mental, spiritual, intellectual, occupational, physical, emotional, and social. All of these come together to form the term almost every person knows, health. How do the different American races differ in health risks? Health risks differ within the American race. Chronic health conditions are on the rise as acute conditions are decreasing. The African American race tends to stand out amongst the others, as they account for 13% of poor health overall. African Americans have higher rates of cancer, diabetes, hypertension, and are at an increased risk of heart disease. Infant mortality is twice as high in African Americans, American Indians, and Alaskan Native as compared with Caucasian. African Americans with HIV/AIDS have a death rate that is seven times higher than that of the Caucasian race. Vietnamese- American women’s cervical cancer rate is five times higher than Caucasians as well. Overall the risk of all minorities are significantly higherShow MoreRelatedUnderstanding and Applying the Heritage Assessment tool1563 Words   |  7 Pageshave to be culturally competent, they need to assess their individual values and beliefs about health and health care; otherwise, nurses might ass ume that all cultures share western premises and values. In order to be considerate to an individual, nurses must remember that beliefs and values influence individuals and families health care decisions. Nurses and healthcare providers should stay up to date on the diversity of patient culture, if they plan to be effective (Grand Canyon University. 2011)Read MoreThe Impact Of Culture On Mental Health Essay1673 Words   |  7 PagesTHE IMPACT OF CULTURE ON MENTAL HEALTH AND HOW THIS CAN AFFECT THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEN THE HEALTH CARE PROVIDER AND THE CLIENT Introduction The importance of a cross-cultural understanding in Psychology is imperative to successful care and assistance of mental health. Understanding and acknowledging the complexities of different cultures is the beginning of a more informed approach to mental health. Cultural factors and questions play a fundamental role, however, simply acknowledging culturalRead MoreHealth Care Practices And Its Impact On An Individual s Health Essay1567 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract Often without being aware of it, individuals can rely on preconceived ideas about others based on how that other person appears or acts. Sometimes these stereotypes and resulting discrimination can extend into other areas of life, such as receiving or delivering health care. Healthcare practices and regard for healthcare employees vary across the different cultures. Patients differ due to various aspects. These differences constitute of patient illness, personality, socioeconomic class orRead MoreHeritage Assessment Tool1431 Words   |  6 PagesPersonal Assessment Heritage Assessment Tool The tool in question looks at a persons cultural heritage and how that has affected the life decisions that the individual has made. In the United States, many citizens have a distinct and separate heritage because they have recently left a home country and chosen to relocate, but there are many more whose ancestors have been in the US for a very long time. The people who have a long family history in the US probably have less cultural diversityRead MoreApplying Anthropology to Nursing Essay1130 Words   |  5 Pagesbehavior, social life, and health within an anthropological context. It provides a forum for inquiring into how knowledge, meaning, livelihood, power, and resource distribution are shaped and how, in turn, these observable facts go on to shape patterns of disease, experiences of health and illness, and the organization of treatments. It focuses on many different topics including the political ecology of disease, the interface of the micro- and macro-environments that aff ect health, the politics of responsibilityRead MoreElderly Care: Family and Government Should Work Together Essay1104 Words   |  5 Pagesincreasing as more people live longer in all age group. As a result of these we have a large population of the elderly worldwide since most people live longer. As these groups grow old they become helpless, some are unable to work and while some fall sick to diseases like Alzheimer. The responsibility of taking care of them now either fall into the hands of their immediate family, and in some cases extended family and or the government depending on the culture. However, to make for a result orientedRead MoreIndian Culture And Its Impact On Society1412 Words   |  6 Pagesknown all over the world for its culture and tradition. It is a land with various cultures and traditions which are as vast as the subcontinent upon which they are located. This essay will focus on the Indian culture and highlight the different beliefs that Indians have on life processes. The essay will show the different methods Indians use to stay healthy and how the Indian culture can determine how healthcare services are provided to the people. India is a nation of many different individuals, eachRead MoreCommunity Conceptual Model1282 Words   |  6 Pagesnursing practice. They merge concepts and ideas providing a framework for how to think or demonstrate the elaborate connections between concepts, structures, or a system. They categorize existing interrelationships amid concepts into ways that can effectively direct actions and interventions. The objective of this paper is to define and examine the social ecology model and its application to the nursing process and community health problems. Historical Development The historic developmentRead MoreImplementing Anti Discriminatory Practice Within Health And Social Care Settings Essay1519 Words   |  7 Pagesthat may arise when implementing anti-discriminatory practice in health and social care settings. There are many difficulties that may arise when implementing anti-discriminatory practice in health and social care settings such as; * The development of resentment culture. This is when an individual who has been discriminated against builds a hostility towards the individuals who discriminated against them, so that when that individual has children they pass these views to them, the child will thenRead MoreDiversity Is The Changing Demographics And Economics Of Our Growing Multicultural World1309 Words   |  6 Pagesand the long-standing disparities in the health status of people from culturally diverse backgrounds has challenged health care providers and organizations to consider cultural diversity as a priority. Culture is one of the organizing concepts upon which nursing is based and defined. Leininger (2002) defines culture as a set of values, beliefs and traditions that are led by a specific group of people and handed down from generation to generation. Culture is learned shared and transmitted values

God Shaped Me Through My Mother - 1554 Words

God shaped me through my mother; by witnessing her, convictions, strong morals, loving disposition, nonjudgmental nature and unshakable faith. I learned why we should never judge others because we are all God’s children. I learned my faith is permanent, and there is nothing and no one that can make me stop believing. I learned how precious life is and giving up is never an option. When I say, I learned true Christian values from my mom I am not referring to words my mother said nearly as much as I am referring to the actions I witnessed. My mother was extremely well versed in the Bible; however, she never used Bible verses as weapons. As a matter of fact, it meant more when my mom did quote the Bible because she did not do it all the time and when she did it was very relevant and eloquent. I was always a bit taken off guard when my mom did quote the Bible because I would suddenly remember how much of the Bible she knew word for word. She never put on a show whether it was speaking or taking action she always had pure intentions. When I was thirteen years old, my mom and I went to a grocery store. Little did I know what seemed like an insignificant trip to the store would actually be a life shaping event that I would later write about in this essay. My mom and I were in Austin, and we decided to pop into a grocery store I cannot even remember why, but I do r emember noticing a filthy homeless man almost immediately after entering the store. He was randomly walking up toShow MoreRelatedEssay about Shaping My Morality693 Words   |  3 Pagescompletely understood my own morality, I know I did not create it alone. For example, my parents illustrated the importance of kindness and finding my own personal beliefs about God. Additionally, my friends have taught me to not take small problems too seriously. Moreover, attending private school has caused me to trust in the safety of the world around me. As a teenager, my outward influences have greatly affected my morality and views about the world around me. Throughout my life my parents have taughtRead MoreHow Do You Feel Race, Ethnicity, Social Class, And Religion846 Words   |  4 Pagesclass, and religion has shaped you and your family lives? Whether we take notice or not these aspects of our childhood and today’s life contributed to our viewpoint about different parts of the world. Also, the way your family interacted with you and others is determined in a way by these key points. My race, social class, ethnicity, and religion have helped mold me into the young adult I am, beliefs, and values I hold today because my understanding of who I am provides me with the ability to understandRead MoreOur Outlook On Life Is An Ultimate Of Beliefs, Teachings, And Morals849 Words   |  4 PagesOur outlook on life is an ultimate composition of beliefs, teachings, and morals. Even greater, how one views the world. As a follower of Christ, a woman after God s own heart, a Christian, my world view is defined and greatly impacted my the Bi ble. As Dr. Henderson stated in his presentation, [worldview] determines the shape of someone’s emotions, one’s wisdom, one’s desires, and one’s will. Everything one looks at, thinks, and does is influenced by their worldview. An articulation of basicRead MoreWho I Am As A Person876 Words   |  4 PagesA story is defined by three parts: setting, characters, and the conflict. Each chapter is uniquely constructed with these objectives to showcase who I am as a person. My whole experience has shown me that my purpose is to service others with compassion and humility. Here is my story. The first objective is setting. The setting began on Jan. 16th, 1998, where I was born in Dallas, TX, but was raised in Mesquite, TX. . Being a product of two military parents, I easily comprehend the sacrifice oneRead MoreMy Mother, God Shaped Me1539 Words   |  7 Pages Through my mother, God shaped me; by witnessing her, convictions, strong morals, loving disposition, nonjudgmental nature and unshakable faith. I learned why we should never judge others because we are all God’s children. I learned my faith is permanent and there is nothing and no one that can make me stop believing. I learned how precious life is and to never give up. When I say, I learned true Christian values from my mom I am not talking about things my mother said nearly as much as I amRead MoreFinding My Personal Spirituality956 Words   |  4 Pages The journey through life is certainly not an easy one. As Madonna brilliantly sang, â€Å"Life is a mystery, everyone must stand alone;† I believe we all must experience on our own. Although our family and loved ones may of tried to shelter some of us as children, facing our own obstacles was inevitable. I believe silence provides us with the tranquility we need to adhere to our beliefs; the world is filled with distractions, by eliminating the diversions in our lives, we are able to concentrate moreRead MoreMy Mother Has A Unique Sense Of Humor1067 Words   |  5 Pagesunderstanding of my mother, and although she has shared her story to me over those years, I still have not heard it all. She was born Adriana Manzano De La Cruz in Nuevo Laredo, Mexico on September 8th, 1972, and despite the challenges she faced as a child, she has grown into the amazing person I call mom. Her infectious laugh and sarcastic tendencies have made life all the more livable for me and have shown me that life is meant to be spent in joy and happiness. She shows her humility through her dire needRead MoreThe Disciples Of Christ Tradition1281 Words   |  6 Pagescontinues to be refined through an ever-deepening understanding of scripture, experience, traditions and with the use of reason. I am most drawn to those theologians who are rooted in this Wesleyan tradition. My mother grew up Disciples of Christ, and her tradition influenced my theology through its broad understanding of faith. This led me toward an openness about the various ways people experience and understand the Divine. The Disciples of Christ tradition also influenced my understanding of baptismRead MorePersonal Philosophy Essay 873 Words   |  3 Pagesgotten the more I have realized what really describes me as a person. I have been put through many tasks and challenges that were meant to change the way my personality tree has grown. School, friendship, losses, and gains have formed the clay I call my life a nd I am grateful for what my life has cooked up for me. These challenges have shown me what matters the most in life and what matters the least. More importantly they have shaped the way my personality is put into context today. Many people, famousRead MoreThe Problem Of Individuality Is Not Just Where One Has Shaped My Life896 Words   |  4 Pagesthat we are much more than patriots of our countries and our races. When people ask me where I’m from, I’m not sure how to respond. If I told you â€Å"South Korea,† you would believe me; but if you looked at me and I told you I was from â€Å"Kenya†, now you would be puzzled. However, this puzzle has shaped my life.† (Song 1) The way I have fashioned this piece insinuates that I am speaking to an audience. Thus, I have my topic, the notion that individuality is not just where one was born, but multiple aspects

Social Theories and Prostitution free essay sample

In 1937 Kingsley Davis authored â€Å"The Sociology of Prostitution†. In the article Davis concludes that prostitution serves an important and possibly latent function in society. Davis believes that men have a need for sexual experimentation and adventure. Davis’ theory is that prostitution fills a void for men. Married men cannot look to women whom may be interest in love or marriage since they are already committed (meaningful) so they look to women who will fulfill their sexual desires without attachment (meaningless). â€Å"The demand is the result of a simple biological appetite.When all other sources of gratification fail, due to defects of person or circumstance, prostitution can be relied upon to furnish relief† (Davis, 753). Prostitution in a latent sense saves marriages and allows men to fulfill their sexual desires. â€Å"Prostitution embraces an economic relation, and is naturally connected with the entire system of economic forces† (Davis, 749). One societal function that prostitution fills is a release for those who desire the prostitute (latent) and a source of income for the prostitute (manifest). The foundation to the functionalist perspective is that everything occurs for a reason.It is necessary for a society to have rules and laws to abide by, society lives in a consensus. It is important to understand the need for there to be social memebers whom do not conform to society; in this case prostitutes. Since prostitution is against the law in the United States except for in Nevada then prostitution helps in the validation of law enforcement personnel. Since there are social actors not abiding the law there is a need for the police and sheriff’s departments to control the criminals. For a society to function there are rules and rule breakers. There can’t be one without the other.Symbolic interaction is yet another sociological perspective that has been used to explain prostitution. â€Å"The term symbolic interaction refers, of course, to the peculiar and distinctive character of interaction as it takes place between human beings† (Farganis, 334). According to Herbert Blumer â€Å"human interaction is mediated by the use of symbols, by interpretation, or by ascertaining the meaning of one another’s actions† (Fargainis, 334). Blumer focused on individual relationships. He felt that the reaction that occurs is not a conscience reaction. The reaction is based on the meaning and concepts the action has.The theory of symbolic interactionism claims that an individual’s self-image develops through social interaction. The self-image is decided based on the social situations and how others acted in the situation. The labeling theory in the simplest form believes that â€Å"deviance does not exist independently of the negative reaction of people who condemn it† (Pfohl, 345). This means that an act or action would not be considered deviant unless a person or group believes it to be. What may be acceptable here in the United States may be considered deviant in another country and vice versa.For example in the United States prostitution is against the law in all states but Nevada however prostitution â€Å"is completely legal in 22 countries including Austria, Germany, Greece, Netherlands, Switzerland, Mexico, Australia, and Columbia † (http://www. onlineschools. org/blog/stats-on-prostitution/). A persons actions are not deviant until they are labeled as so. This theory focuses on why some behaviors are seen as deviant while others are considered acceptable. There is not a universally accepted method of determining what is deviant and what is not; it varies from place to place.An unforeseen consequence of labeling is that the labeled individual becomes a victim of the label. This theory focuses on three concerns; the social historical aspect of deviants, the applications of labels to some people while others are not, and the consequences of labels. The roots of this perspective can be traced to the early 1900’s following an essay by George Herbert Mead. In his essay Mead claimed that labels divide a society between those who are accepted and those who are considered deviant. In 1951 Edwin Lemert wrote a book called Social Pathology where he added to the initial thoughts of Mead.Lemert felt that other sociological theories failed to explain the consequences and impacts of labeling. â€Å"The socially visible deviations within a group, community, or society  stir its members to a wide variety of expressive reactions and attitudes,  depending upon the nature of the deviations and the expectancies of the  conforming majority. Admiration, awe, envy, sympathy, fear, repulsion,  disgust, hate, and anger are felt and manifested by those confronted by  departures from their sanctioned ways of behaving† (Lemert, 54).Lemert’s theory divided deviance into two categories; primary and secondary deviance. Primary deviance is when a person has received the label however does not accept it; he or she can justify and or rationalize their actions. Secondary deviance happens when the person accepts their deviant label. He or she then thinks of themselves as a deviant. Approximately, ten years later; in the 1960’s the concept was expanded upon yet again by Howard Becker, John Kituse, Erving Goffman, and Kai Erikson.Howard Becker the author of the 1963 book Outsiders: Studies in the Sociology of Deviance wrote â€Å"deviance is not a quality of the act the person commits, but rather a consequence of the application by others of rules and sanctions to an offender. The deviant is one to whom the label has successfully been applied; deviant behavior is behavior that people so label† (Becker, 9). A social group determines what is considered a deviant behavior. Under this concept a group of people decided that prostitution is a deviant act and therefore prostitutes are deviants. Without the deviant label there would not be the shame of prostitution.The labeling theory foundation is that an act is not deviant unless a person or group labels it as so. â€Å"Another point to this theory is that no acts of deviance can occur unless there is a witness to the actions. â€Å"Labeling refers to the process by which deviants are defined by the rest of society† (Pfohl, 351). Once a person is labeled they may accept the label and continue their lives down the deviant path. There are two forms of labeling; formal and informal. An example of formal labeling is that made by law enforcement personnel. Formal labels are influenced by stereotypes, race, gender and also appearance.An example of Informal labeling can include scandals and banishments from social settings. After one is labeled they may try to prevent family and friends from finding out about their act of deviance. The term stigma warrants mentioning. Stigma is â€Å"a mark of disgrace associated with a person, a personal quality, or a personal circumstance† (Oxford Reference). Members of society apply a stigma to other social actors whom are perceived different based on appearance or situation as in the stigma attached to prostitutes. â€Å"Some people are cast into roles which constrain their abilities to manage positive impression of themselves.Such persons are stigmatized, the bears of what Goffman describes as a spoiled identityâ€Å"(Pfohl, 354). Stigma includes the negative attitudes, mistreatment and even prejudice for being a prostitute. â€Å"By definition of course we believe the person with a stigma is not quite human. On this assumption we exercise varieties of discrimination, through which we effectively, if often unthinkingly, reduce his life chances† (Goffman, 22). This may include being ostracized from family and friends and also from the community. Stigmatized people generally keep to the company of others who are stigmatized or who may support them. This can be seen in the brothels of Nevada and the streets of New York. â€Å"We use specific stigma terms such as cripple, bastard, moron in our daily discourse as a source of metaphor and imagery, typically without giving thought to the original meaning† (Goffman, 22). The symbol that the stigma represents is understood as a negative concept. The prostitute doesn’t proudly say â€Å"I am a prostitute† as a lawyer would say â€Å"I am a lawyer†. Social actors hear the term prostitute and immediate detest her. One profound aspect of the labeling theory is the self- fulfilling prophecy. The standards he has incorporated from the wider society equip him to be intimately alive to what others see as his failing, inevitably causing him, if only for moments to agree that he does indeed fall short of what he really ought to be† (Goffman, 26). When a social actor is labeling a deviant they begin to believe they are deviant and begin acting as such. If an individual is constantly criticized and put down they begin to see themselves in a negative light. They begin to feel their self-worth and capabilities reduce and begin living the lifestyle of a deviant member of society.If the prostitute is ridiculed he/she will begin to believe they are less of a human. Once the prostitute begins to believe she/he is a deviant then the secondary deviance is inevitable. Secondary deviance is â€Å"When a person begins to employ his deviant behavior or role based upon it as a means of defense, attack, or adjustment to the overt and covert problems create† (Prohl, 354). Regardless of the reason for the initial deviation once a person is labeled a deviant they are more likely to continue on the deviant path; any deviance that follows the initial act is considered secondary. Prostitution is considered the primary deviance then the use of illegal drugs would be the secondary deviance. One similarity between functionalism and symbolic interactionism that stands out is that in functionalism a moral or immoral act is labeled as such and thus compels a social actor to go in search of a prostitute to fulfill the immoral acts. Functionalism focuses on the needs that are being filled through prostitution whereas symbolic interactionism focuses on why the term prostitute is seen as negative and also how this label of being deviant leads to secondary devianceA difference between functionalism and symbolic interactionism is that functionalism focuses on society on a macro level; the big picture of society. Symbolic interactionism focuses on social actors on the micro level; how individual social actors interact with one another socially. Prostitution can be viewed from all sociological perspectives however this paper limits the explanation to functionalism and symb olic interaction. Through the functionalist perspective prostitution serves a need in society.

Functions of Apec free essay sample

Functions of APEC Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) was established in order to enhance economic and diplomatic understanding between Asian and Pacific nations. In the present context of emerging cooperation between Asian and non Asian nations, it is important to analyze the functions of this organization. This paper will analyze the role of the APEC from its inception till today. The APEC shows the emergence of economic understanding between the two regions Asia and Pacific. This organization shows the emergence of alliance between countries belonging to Asia and Pacific regions. Since the 1990 decades the Asian countries have showed impressive economic development. In spite of the recent currency crisis problems, Asian economy is expected to grow from medium and long term perspective. Asian economies have gained through their economic alliance with Pacific countries. Therefore, it is important for the Pacific countries to have understanding with the major Asian economic powers